Cross-lagged analysis of upward social comparison and online aggressive behavior among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the longitudinal relationship between upward social comparison and online aggressive behavior among college students, in order to provide an empirical evidence for educators to carry out mental health promotion for college students.@*Methods@#From December 2021 to March 2022, 539 college students from one university in Inner Mongolia were recruited to complete the Upward Social Comparison Questionnaire (USCQ) and Online Aggressive Behavior Scale (OABS) in a 4 month follow-up study. The structural equation model was used to conduct cross-lagged analysis.@*Results@#The mean scores of upward social comparison for college students tracked at baseline (T1) and 4 months follow-up (T2) were (2.77±0.93, 2.70±1.00) points, and the mean scores of online aggressive behavior were (1.06±0.13, 1.05±0.11) points. There were positive relations between upward social comparison and online aggressive behavior of college students at both cross-sectional levels ( r=0.14-0.19, P <0.05). In the autoregression, T1 upward social comparison could positively predict T2 upward social comparison ( β =0.66), and T1 online aggressive behavior could positively predict T2 online aggressive behavior ( β =0.47)( P <0.01); In the cross-lagged regression, T1 upward social comparison could positively predict T2 online aggressive behavior ( β=0.10, P <0.01), whereas T1 online aggressive behavior could not predict T2 upward social comparison ( β=0.04, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Upward social comparison is the cause of online aggressive behavior among college students. The probability of online aggressive behavior among college students should be reduced by guiding students to correctly view the gap between themselves and others.

Is the N-of-1 method applicable in bodywork research? Lessons learned using a trial as a methodological pilot / 中西医结合学报

N-of-1 trial designs have rarely been used in bodywork research. Using a recent trial as a methodological pilot, critical issues related to the applicability of N-of-1 trials to bodywork are discussed. These include the issues of carry-over effects, bias-controlling approaches and statistical analysis. The discussion highlights the importance of mixed methods and draws some suggestions for a future research program. N-of-1 trials could be used to provide insights about some essential elements of bodywork modalities and their effectiveness.

Intensivists' Direct Management without Residents May Improve the Survival Rate Compared to High-Intensity Intensivist Staffing in Academic Intensive Care Units: Retrospective and Crossover Study Design

Daily walnut intake improves metabolic syndrome status and increases circulating adiponectin levels: randomized controlled crossover trial

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Several previous studies have investigated whether regular walnut consumption positively changes heart-health-related parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of daily walnut intake on metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and other metabolic parameters among subjects with MetS. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was a two-arm, randomized, controlled crossover study with 16 weeks of each intervention (45 g of walnuts or iso-caloric white bread) with a 6 week washout period between interventions. Korean adults with MetS (n = 119) were randomly assigned to one of two sequences; 84 subjects completed the trial. At each clinic visit (at 0, 16, 22, and 38 weeks), MetS components, metabolic parameters including lipid profile, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), adiponectin, leptin, and apolipoprotein B, as well as anthropometric and bioimpedance data were obtained. RESULTS: Daily walnut consumption for 16 weeks improved MetS status, resulting in 28.6%-52.8% reversion rates for individual MetS components and 51.2% of participants with MetS at baseline reverted to a normal status after the walnut intervention. Significant improvements after walnut intake, compared to control intervention, in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.028), fasting glucose (P = 0.013), HbA1c (P = 0.021), and adiponectin (P = 0.019) were observed after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, and sequence using a linear mixed model. CONCLUSION: A dietary supplement of 45 g of walnuts for 16 weeks favorably changed MetS status by increasing the concentration of HDL-C and decreasing fasting glucose level. Furthermore, consuming walnuts on a daily basis changed HbA1c and circulating adiponectin levels among the subjects with MetS. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03267901.

Challenges faced and lessons learned: a multi-component prospective memory training program for Malaysian older adults / Desafios enfrentados e lições aprendidas: um programa de treinamento de memória prospectiva de vários componentes para adultos idosos da Malásia

Abstract The surrounding circumstances and environments of Malaysian older adults could make conducting interventions (mainly in terms of clinical or randomized controlled trials) a challenge. Working with older adults and facing cultural issues could be challenging. Objective: This paper illustrates a significant perspective of some of the challenges faced while conducting a randomized controlled trial exploring the impact of a multi-component intervention that included strategy- and process-based prospective memory (PM) training among Malaysian older adults. Methods: The current study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and therefore the challenges were presented in accordance with the CONSORT statement style. Results: A discussion on how these issues were addressed is provided. Conclusion: Some suggestions were presented to help researchers plan and create interventions for similar studies and to support a practical method of addressing all related challenges.

Resumo As circunstâncias e ambientes circundantes de adultos idosos da Malásia poderiam tornar a condução da intervenção (principalmente em termos de ensaios clínicos ou randomizados controlados) um desafio. Trabalhar com adultos mais velhos e enfrentar problemas culturais pode ser instigante. Objetivo: Este artigo ilustra uma perspectiva significativa de alguns dos desafios enfrentados durante a realização de um estudo controlado randomizado que explora o impacto de uma intervenção de múltiplos componentes, incluindo treinamento de memória prospectiva baseado em estratégia e processo (PM) entre idosos da Malásia. Métodos: Como o estudo atual foi um ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR), os desafios foram apresentados de acordo com o estilo de declaração CONSORT. Resultados: Uma discussão sobre como essas questões foram abordadas é fornecida. Conclusão: Algumas sugestões foram apresentadas para ajudar os pesquisadores a planejar e criar intervenções para estudos semelhantes e capacitar um método prático para abordar todos os desafios relacionados.

Common triggers of ischemic stroke: a case cross-over study / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between 6 common triggers and ischemic stroke.Methods The demographic and clinical data of the consecutive inpatients with acute ischemic stroke were collected.A questionnaire survey of the triggers of the disease was conducted within 4 d after admission.A case cross-over study was used to compare the exposure of the 6 potential triggers (overeating,anger,negative emotion,heavy physical activity,sudden posture changes as response to a startling event,drinking coffee) at 2 h before onset (dangerous period) and at 1 d before onset during the same period (control period),and exposures to potential triggers in patients according to gender,age and etiological subtypes were further analyzed.Results A total of 369 patients were enrolled.They aged 24-93 years old (mean 61.75 ±13.57),220 patients were male (59.6％) and 149 were female (40.4％).A total of 91 patients (24.7％) exposed to at least one of the triggers at 2 h before onset (odds ratio [OR] 6.1,95％ confidence interval [CI] 3.7-9.9);OR for exposure to the sudden posture change in response to a startling event was 12.0 (95％ CI 2.4-59.3),for heavy physical activity 10.7 (95％ CI 4.2-27.6),for anger 8.0 (95％ CI 2.3-27.5),and for negative emotion 4.9 (95％ CI 2.3-10.3).There was no exposure to drinking coffee.There were no significant differences in the exposure to various triggers among the different gender,age,and etiological subtypes.Conclusions Sudden posture changes as response to a startling event,heavy physical activity,anger,and negative emotion are the triggers for ischemic stroke,attention should be paid to the influence of triggers in the prevention of ischemic stroke.

Chlorhexidine with or without alcohol against biofilm formation: efficacy, adverse events and taste preference

Abstract In recent years, different chlorhexidine formulations have been tested, including an alcohol-free alternative, but the effect of this solution on early biofilm formation is not clear. A crossover, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of two chlorhexidine solutions against supra- and subgingival biofilm formation (NCT#02656251). Thirty-five participants were randomized and asked to rinse twice daily with 15 ml of an alcohol-containing 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, an alcohol-free 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, or placebo. The study was conducted in three experimental periods of 4 days each, with a 10-day washout between the periods. All the experimental periods followed the same protocol, except that the solutions were switched. Biofilm distribution was evaluated every 24 hours by the Plaque-Free Zone Index, during 96 hours. Adverse events were self-reported and sensory evaluation was performed using a hedonic scale. Compared to the placebo, the chlorhexidine solutions resulted in a significantly higher number of surfaces free of plaque over 96 hours (p < 0.01), and were able to prevent subgingival biofilm formation (p < 0.01). The alcohol-free chlorhexidine solution was associated with a lower incidence of adverse events, compared with alcohol-containing chlorhexidine (p < 0.05); it also received better sensory evaluation and acceptance by trial participants, compared with the alcohol-containing chlorhexidine (p = 0.007), and had a similar inhibitory effect on the formation of supra- and subgingival biofilms.

Treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine plus liothyronine: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effects of a unique fixed combination levothyroxine/liothyronine (LT4/LT3) therapy in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Subjects and methods This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Adults with primary hypothyroidism (n = 32, age 42.6 ± 13.3, 30 females) on stable doses of LT4 for ≥ 6 months (125 or 150 μg/day) were randomized to continue LT4 treatment (G1) or to start LT4/LT3 therapy (75/15 μg/day; G2). After 8 weeks, participants switched treatments for 8 more weeks. Thyroid function, lipid profile, plasma glucose, body weight, electrocardiogram, vital signs, and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated at weeks 0, 8 and 16. Results Free T4 levels were significantly lower while on LT4/LT3 (G1: 1.07 ± 0.29 vs. 1.65 ± 0.46; G2: 0.97 ± 0.26 vs. 1.63 ± 0.43 ng/dL; P < 0.001). TSH and T3 levels were not affected by type of therapy. More patients on LT4/LT3 had T3 levels above the upper limit (15% vs. 3%). The combination therapy led to an increase in heart rate, with no significant changes in electrocardiogram or arterial blood pressure. Lipid profile, body weight and QoL remained unchanged. Conclusions The combination therapy yielded significantly lower free T4 levels, with no changes in TSH or T3 levels. More patients on LT4/T3 had elevated T3 levels, with no significant alterations in the evaluated outcomes. No clear clinical benefit of the studied formulation could be observed. Future trials need to evaluate different formulations and the impact of the combined therapy in select populations with genetic polymorphisms.

A Design Thinking Process with 'Aspie': Developing a New Intervention for People with Asperger's Syndrome / 한양의대학술지

People with Asperger's syndrome (AS) have a rather different thinking style. They may create new ideas that the designer can see this awkward thinking style as the driver for developing new and innovative ideas. In this paper, both 'Aspie' and the designer work together to make innovative ideas, by which 'Aspie' could find a new contributive role in communal living. An ideation workshop is composed of two different stages with several ideation methods. Described is an observational study of how the ideation workshop covers their deficits and makes them adapt to generate their different ideas. From the observation, this paper realizes how we start to reestablish the relationship between AS people and the society.

Avaliação de aspectos relacionados á utilização de um adesivo para próteses totais convencionas: estudo in vitro / Evaluation of aspects related to the use of an adhesive to conventional dentures: in vivo study

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da utilização de um adesivo para prótese (Ultra Corega creme) na formação de biofilme sobre a superfície interna de próteses totais e na microbiota bucal, no grau de satisfação, além da estimativa de custo médio diário do produto. Trinta pacientes receberam próteses totais novas, e foram divididos em dois protocolos: protocolo 1- utilização do adesivo durante os primeiros 15 dias de teste, seguida por não utilização de nenhum tipo de adesivo durante os próximos 15 dias; protocolo 2- não utilização de adesivo durante os primeiros 15 dias de teste, seguida por utilização do adesivo durante os próximos 15 dias. Após cada período de 15 dias, o biofilme formado na superfície interna das próteses totais foi corado e quantificado por meio de um método fotográfico com o auxílio de um software (Image Tool 3.00). Amostras de material da mucosa palatina e da superfície interna das próteses superiores foram plaqueadas em meios seletivos para Candida spp. e Streptococcus mutans e em um meio não seletivo. Ainda, foi aplicado um questionário para avaliação da satisfação com as próteses e o custo médio diário do produto foi estimado por meio de fórmulas matemáticas. Todas as análises foram realizadas com α = 0,05 e foram empregados testes apropriados à distribuição dos dados. Foi observada formação de biofilme semelhante com ou sem o uso do adesivo sobre as próteses superiores (Wilcoxon, p=0,255) e inferiores (Wilcoxon, p=0,433). Contagens de colônias semelhantes foram observadas com ou sem a utilização do adesivo na mucosa e na superfície interna da prótese total superior (p>0,05). O uso de adesivo proporcionou maior satisfação aos participantes (Wilcoxon, p=0,04). Em média, cada paciente utilizou 3,9 ± 0,3 gramas de adesivo por dia...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adhesive usage (Ultra Corega cream) on biofilm formation on the internal surface of dentures and oral microbiota, degree of satisfaction, and the estimated average daily cost of product. Thirty patients received new dentures, and have been divided into two protocols: Protocol 1-use of the adhesive during the first 15 days of the test, followed by not using adhesive over the next 15 days; Protocol 2- no use of adhesive for the first 15 days of the test, followed by use of adhesive over the next 15 days. After each period of 15 days, the internal surfaces of the dentures were stained and photographed and the areas (total internal surface and surface stained with biofilm) quantified (Image Tool 3.00). Samples of material from the palatal mucosa and the internal surface of the maxillary denture were plated on selective media for Candida spp. and Streptococcus mutans and a non-selective medium. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate satisfaction with the dentures and the average daily cost of the product was estimated by mathematical formulas. All analyzes were performed with α=.05 and appropriate tests were applied to the data distribution. Similar biofilm formation was found with or without adhesive usage for maxillary (Wilcoxon, p=.255) and mandibular dentures (Wilcoxon, p=.433). Similar colony counts were observed with or without adhesive for mucosa and the internal surface of dentures, irrespective of the culture medium (p>.05). The use of adhesive provided higher satisfaction (Wilcoxon, p=.04). On average, each patient used 3.9 ± 0.3 grams of adhesive per day, equivalent to R $ 4.02 for average daily cost. It is concluded that the use of the adhesive did not affect the quantification of the biofilm and the oral microbiota, besides providing greater overall satisfaction

Avaliação de aspectos relacionados á utilização de um adesivo para próteses totais convencionas: estudo in vitro / Evalution of aspects related to the use of an adhesive to conventional dentures: in vivo study

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da utilização de um adesivo para prótese (Ultra Corega creme) na formação de biofilme sobre a superfície interna de próteses totais e na microbiota bucal, no grau de satisfação, além da estimativa de custo médio diário do produto. Trinta pacientes receberam próteses totais novas, e foram divididos em dois protocolos: protocolo 1- utilização do adesivo durante os primeiros 15 dias de teste, seguida por não utilização de nenhum tipo de adesivo durante os próximos 15 dias; protocolo 2- não utilização de adesivo durante os primeiros 15 dias de teste, seguida por utilização do adesivo durante os próximos 15 dias. Após cada período de 15 dias, o biofilme formado na superfície interna das próteses totais foi corado e quantificado por meio de um método fotográfico com o auxílio de um software (Image Tool 3.00). Amostras de material da mucosa palatina e da superfície interna das próteses superiores foram plaqueadas em meios seletivos para Candida spp. e Streptococcus mutans e em um meio não seletivo. Ainda, foi aplicado um questionário para avaliação da satisfação com as próteses e o custo médio diário do produto foi estimado por meio de fórmulas matemáticas. Todas as análises foram realizadas com α = 0,05 e foram empregados testes apropriados à distribuição dos dados. Foi observada formação de biofilme semelhante com ou sem o uso do adesivo sobre as próteses superiores (Wilcoxon, p=0,255) e inferiores (Wilcoxon, p=0,433). Contagens de colônias semelhantes foram observadas com ou sem a utilização do adesivo na mucosa e na superfície interna da prótese total superior (p>0,05). O uso de adesivo proporcionou maior satisfação aos participantes (Wilcoxon, p=0,04). Em média, cada paciente utilizou 3,9 ± 0,3 gramas de adesivo por dia, o que equivale a R$ 4,02 de custo médio diário. Conclui-se que a utilização do adesivo não influenciou na quantificação do biofilme e na microbiota bucal, além de proporcionar maior satisfação gera

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adhesive usage (Ultra Corega cream) on biofilm formation on the internal surface of dentures and oral microbiota, degree of satisfaction, and the estimated average daily cost of product. Thirty patients received new dentures, and have been divided into two protocols: Protocol 1-use of the adhesive during the first 15 days of the test, followed by not using adhesive over the next 15 days; Protocol 2- no use of adhesive for the first 15 days of the test, followed by use of adhesive over the next 15 days. After each period of 15 days, the internal surfaces of the dentures were stained and photographed and the areas (total internal surface and surface stained with biofilm) quantified (Image Tool 3.00). Samples of material from the palatal mucosa and the internal surface of the maxillary denture were plated on selective media for Candida spp. and Streptococcus mutans and a non-selective medium. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate satisfaction with the dentures and the average daily cost of the product was estimated by mathematical formulas. All analyzes were performed with α=.05 and appropriate tests were applied to the data distribution. Similar biofilm formation was found with or without adhesive usage for maxillary (Wilcoxon, p=.255) and mandibular dentures (Wilcoxon, p=.433). Similar colony counts were observed with or without adhesive for mucosa and the internal surface of dentures, irrespective of the culture medium (p>.05). The use of adhesive provided higher satisfaction (Wilcoxon, p=.04). On average, each patient used 3.9 ± 0.3 grams of adhesive per day, equivalent to R $ 4.02 for average daily cost. It is concluded that the use of the adhesive did not affect the quantification of the biofilm and the oral microbiota, besides providing greater overall satisfaction

Comparison of Antimicrobial Effect of Alcohol Gel according to the Amount and Drying Time in Health Personnel Hand Hygiene

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of alcohol gel according to the amount and drying time in health personnel hand hygiene and to promote in their practice adequate and effective hand hygiene. METHODS: The cross-over experimental study was performed with 14 volunteers. Hands were artificially contaminated with 5 mL of 10(8) CFU/mL of Serratia marcescens (ATCC 14756) and four different alcohol gel hand hygiene methods varying by the amount of alcohol gel (2 mL vs. 1 mL) and drying time (complete vs. incomplete) were compared. Samples were collected by glove juice sampling procedures. RESULTS: Mean log reduction values of the four different hand hygiene methods were 2.22+/-0.36, 1.26+/-0.53, 1.49+/-0.60, 0.89+/-0.47 respectively for the 4 groups: adequate amount (2mL) and complete dry (30 seconds rubbing followed by 2 min air-dry), inadequate amount (1 mL) and complete dry, adequate amount and incomplete dry (15 seconds rubbing and no air-dry), and inadequate amount and incomplete dry. The difference was statistically significant in the adequate amount and complete dry group compared to other three groups (p<.001). CONCLUSION: Only alcohol gel hand hygiene with adequate amount and complete drying was satisfactory by U.S. FDA-TFM efficacy requirements for antiseptic hand hygiene products.

Salivary retention after application of fluoride gel using toothbrush or tray: a crossover trial

Currently, there are no studies in the literature evaluating salivary fluoride retention after small amounts of fluoride gel are applied to children's teeth. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare salivary retention after gel application using a toothbrush or by traditional application with trays. In this crossover study, children with active caries (n = 10) were randomized into one of the following treatment groups: a) application of fluoride gel using a tray (control), or b) application of fluoride gel with a toothbrush (treatment). After a 7-day washout period, the treatments were inverted. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and 0.5, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application in order to analyze fluoride retention in saliva. The area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated. There were no differences in fluoride retention after application of small amounts of APF with a toothbrush compared to traditional gel application using trays at all time points studied, and no differences in AUC were observed (Student t-test, p > 0.05). These results suggest that application of fluoride gel in children using a toothbrush can be utilized as an option rather than traditional trays, since the same salivary retention of fluoride is obtained using a lower dose.

Ambient Particulate Matter and the Risk of Deaths from Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

BACKGROUND: To assess the association between ambient particulate matter and cardiovascular death in seven cities in the Republic of Korea during the period of 2002-2008. METHODS: A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to examine association between particulate matter and deaths from cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease; hypertensive disease 12,821, ischemic heart disease 39,577, cardiac arrhythmia 1,627, cerebrovascular disease 88,047. Mortality data was obtained from National Statistical Office, and hourly mean concentrations of particulate matter < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter and meteorological data were obtained from the Ministry of Environment. The percent increase in the risk of death associated with an interquartile range increase in particulate matter was determined by conditional logistic regression analysis after adjusting for national holidays and meteorological factors. RESULTS: The largest association was a 0.8% increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-1.6) in death risk related to an interquartile range increase in particulate matter < or = 10 microm (average of 0 to 2 days prior to the day of death). Classified as the cause of death, the association was a 1.2% increase (95% CI, 0.2-2.2) in death from cerebrovascular disease related to an interquartile range increase in particulate matter < or = 10 microm. But others were statistically not significant. After stratification of death cases by year of death, statistically significant associations were a 2.3% increase (95% CI, 0.1-4.4) in death risk from ischemic heart disease in 2002-2004 and 2.0% increase in death from cerebrovascular disease (95% CI, 0.3-3.8) in 2006-2008. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ambient air pollution increases the risk of deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in the Republic of Korea.

Preliminary evaluation of data mining on non-masslike enhancement of breast lesions on MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic values of the breast imaging reporting and data system-MRI (BI-RADS-MRI)description about non-masslike enhancement by data mining. Methods Fifty-five patients with non-masslike enhancement lesions showed on breast contrast-enhanced MRI were evaluated using two data mining algorithms (Logistic regression and decision tree) and 10-fold cross-validation methods. Results There were 28 malignant and 27 benign lesions. The most frequent findings of the malignant lesions were clustered ring enhancement and clumped enhancement [ 12 and 4 lesions, respectively; 84. 2% (16/19) in decision trees, partial regression coefficients in Logistic model were 2. 128 and 1.723, respectively], whereas homogenous, stippled, reticular internal and linear ductal enhancement were the most frequent findings in benign lesions [ 4、9、1 and 7 lesions, respectively; 72. 4% (21/29) in decision tree, partial regression coefficients in Logistic model were 0.357 (homogenous), 1. 861 (stippled) and 18. 870( reticular), respectively]. 10-fold cross-validation indicated that decision tree (C5.0) achieved an accuracy of 69.3% with a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 71.7% in comparison to the Logistic regression model with an accuracy of 57. 0%, a sensitivity of 43.3% and a specificity of 71.7%. Conclusions The diagnosis efficacy of non-masslike enhancement interpretation according to BI-RADS-MRI is not high. It is very important to find more potential features of non-masslike enhancement to improve the diagnosis accuracy.

Investigation of low glycemic index diet on blood glucose,lipid profile and body weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

A randomized crossover study was performed to compare the effects of low glycemic index diets (LGI)and high glycemic index diets(HGI)on blood glucose,lipid profile and control of body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.Compared with HGI group,the fasting serum insulin,Homa-IR,LDL-C and body weight significantly decreased in LGI group(P